Tekijänoikeuden erikoiskirjasto

A Practical Guide to Software Licensing for Licensees and Licensors
Muistilista on tyhjä
Vis
Hylly
  • CLASSEN 33.33
Henkilönnimi
  • Classen, H. Ward.
Nimeke- ja vastuullisuusmerkintö
  • A Practical Guide to Software Licensing for Licensees and Licensors
Julkaistu
  • ABA Book Publishing, Chicago : 2016.
SAB-luokituskoodi
  • 33.33
Muu luokituskoodi
  • 33.33
Painos
  • 6th edition
Ulkoasutiedot
  • 834 s.
Huomautus sisällöstä
  • Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1 Chapter 2: The Negotiation and Contracting Process -- 3 A. The Traditional Negotiation Process -- 3 B. The Competitive Negotiation Process -- 4 1. Overview -- 4 2. Requests for Information (“RFI”) -- 4 3. Requests for Proposal (“RFP”) -- 5 4. Procedures and Rules for a Competitive Negotiation -- 11 5. Documenting the Negotiations/Letters of Intent -- 12 6. Structuring the Transaction -- 15 7. Negotiating the Agreement -- 15 8. Inclusion of the RFI and RFP Response in the Final Agreement -- 18 9. Concerns for Lawyers -- 19 10. Metadata -- 20 C. Successful Procurement -- 21 1. Vendor Selection -- 21 2. The Negotiation Process - Strategies -- 21 3. Managing the Customer - Vendor Relationship -- 22 Chapter 3: Licensing Software -- 25 A. Overview -- 25 1. The Concept of Licensing -- 25 2. Intellectual Property Rights Applicable to Software -- 25 B. The First Sale Doctrine -- 35 1. In General -- 35 2. Applicability to Software -- 37 C. The Transfer of Intellectual Property Rights -- 38 Chapter 4: Terminology of a License Grant (§ 3.1) -- 41 A. Definition of the “Licensor,” “Licensee,” and “Affiliates” -- 41 1. “Licensor” -- 41 2. “Licensee” -- 42 3. “Affiliates” -- 44 4. Purchase of Licenses by Affiliates -- 45 B. Term of the License (§ 4.2) -- 46 1. Overview -- 46 2. The Failure to State a Term -- 46 3. Perpetual Licenses -- 47 4. Evergreen Term -- 48 5. Activation Keys/Codes -- 48 C. Use (§ 3.1) -- 48 1. General -- 48 2. Internal Use -- 50 3. Nonexclusive/Exclusive Use -- 51 4. Scope of Use -- 52 5. Creation of Derivative Works (§ 3.4) -- 54 6. Prohibition of Reverse Engineering -- 56 7. Reservations of Rights Clauses -- 60 D. Geographic Restrictions (§ 3.1) -- 60 E. Object Code Licenses and Source Code Licenses (§ 3.1) -- 61 F. Irrevocable/Non-terminable Licenses (§ 3.1) -- 62 G. Assignment/Novation (§ 3.1, § 22) -- 62 1. By Licensee -- 62 2. By Licensor -- 65 3. Novation -- 66 4. Transfer -- 66 Chapter 5: Ancillary Clauses -- 67 A. Representations, Warranties, Covenants, and Disclaimers (§ 16) .67 1. Representations and Warranties (§§ 16.1, 16A-AE, 16.2) -- 67 2. Covenants -- 88 3. Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties (§16.1.4) -- 88 4. Length of Warranty (§ 16.1) -- 91 B. General Indemnification (§ 15) -- 92 1. Overview -- 92 2. Relevant Language -- 92 3. Exclusions -- 97 4. Contributory vs. Comparative Negligence -- 98 5. Equitable and Implied Indemnification -- 99 6. Limits on Liability for Indemnification Obligations -- 99 7. Drafting Considerations -- 100 8. Indemnifying a Party for Its Own Negligence -- 102 C. Intellectual Property Indemnification (§ 14) -- 103 1. Overview -- 103 2. Implied Indemnification under UCC § 2-312 -- 104 3. Limits on Indemnification -- 105 4. Potential Concessions -- 106 5. Conditions to Indemnification -- 107 6. Mitigation by Licensor -- 107 7. Exclusions -- 109 8. Assumption of Defense -- 110 D. Acceptance and Acceptance Test Procedures (§§ 1.14, 7) -- 110 1. Software -- 110 2. Shrinkwrap Software -- 111 3. Professional Services (§ 16.C) -- 112 E. Term of the Agreement -- 112 1. Fixed Term -- 112 2. Evergreen Term -- 113 F. Breach and Cure (§ 5) -- 113 1. Breach -- 113 2. Cure -- 114 G. Expiration, Termination, and Cancellation -- 118 1. Expiration -- 118 2. Termination for Breach -- 118 3. Termination for Reasons Unrelated to Performance -- 120 4. Termination for Convenience (§ 4.1) -- 121 5. Force Majeure (§ 33) -- 124 6. Bankruptcy -- 125 7. Transition -- 125 H. Remedies (§§ 5.2, 5.3) -- 125 1. Remedies under the UCC 126 2. Licensee Remedies (§ 5.3) -- 127 3. Licensor Remedies (§ 5.2) -- 132 I. Limitation of Liability (§ 17) -- 135 1. Limiting Monetary Liability (§ 17.2) -- 136 2. Disclaimer of Consequential/Incidental/Punitive/ Special Damages (§ 17.1) -- 147 3. Deemed Direct Damages (§ 17.4, Form Q.2.DD.7 § 1.2.) -- 152 4. Reducing the Statute of Limitations (§ 17.1) -- 153 5. Exclusive Remedy -- 154 J. Price, Payment, and Revenue Recognition Issues (§ 8) -- 155 1. Pricing -- 155 2. Price Indexing (§ 8.4) -- 163 3. Payment -- 164 4. Revenue Recognition Issues -- 166 K. Taxes (§ 8.6) -- 168 L. Third-Party Software -- 170 M. Licensee Obligations -- 170 Chapter 6: Boilerplate -- 171 A. Recitals and Headings (§ 53) -- 171 1. Recitals -- 171 2. Headings (§ 53) -- 172 B. Definitions (§ 1 and Form Q.1) -- 173 C. Insurance (§ 38) -- 173 1. General Insurance -- 173 2. Intellectual Property Infringement Claims -- 177 3. Reviewing and Negotiating an Insurance Provision -- 178 D. Force Majeure (§ 33) -- 179 E. Public Disclosures and References (§§ 44, 50) -- 181 1. Public Disclosures (§ 44) -- 181 2. References (§ 50) -- 182 F. Waiver (§ 31) -- 182 G. Waiver of Right to Jury Trial (§ 32) -- 183 H. Governing Law and Venue (§ 28) -- 184 1. Governing Law -- 184 2. Venue -- 197 I. Compliance with Laws (§ 25) -- 198 1. Utilizing the Change Order Process -- 199 2. A Compromise -- 200 3. Contractual Language -- 201 4. Monitoring Changes in the Law -- 202 5. Ensuring Compliance -- 202 J. Notices (§ 52) -- 203 K. Third-Party Beneficiaries (§ 40) -- 204 L. Legal Fees (§ 49) -- 205 M. Survival (§ 18) -- 206 1. General -- 206 2. Lack of a Survival Clause -- 207 N. No Construction Against Drafter (§ 51) -- 208 O. Amendment of Agreement (§ 23) -- 209 1. Online Amendment -- 209 2. Limiting Risks -- 211 P. Service of Process -- 212 Q. Severability (§ 55) -- 212 R. Integration/Entire Agreement (§ 58) -- 213 1. General -- 213 2. Collateral Agreements -- 215 S. Seals (Penultimate Paragraph and Signature Line) -- 216 T. Signatures, Signature Lines, and Signature Pages -- 216 1. Electronic Signatures -- 217 2. Manual Signatures -- 217 U. Dating the Agreement -- 218 V. Incorporation of Corporate Policies -- 218 Chapter 7: Other Important Issues -- 221 A. The Work Made for Hire Doctrine and Moral Rights -- 221 1. Work Made for Hire Doctrine -- 221 2. Moral Rights -- 227 3. Patent Rights -- 229 B. Ownership of Custom-Developed Software (§§ 3.2, 3.5, 12.1)230 1. In General -- 230 2. Joint Ownership -- 232 3. Other Alternatives -- 234 C. Functional Specifications and Technical Specifications (§1.7)234 1. Functional Specifications -- 234 2. Technical Specifications -- 237 D. Statements of Work -- 237 E. Change Orders (§ 9.8) -- 239 1. Methodology of the Change Order Process -- 240 2. The Contents of a Change Order -- 241 3. The Failure to Agree -- 241 F. Audit/Quality Assurance (§§ 9.13, 16.Q; Form Q.2.E) -- 242 1. Establishing the Parameters of the Audit -- 243 2. Audit Software -- 245 3. Auditing the Licensor -- 246 4. Auditing the Licensee (§ 8.J) -- 253 5. Responding to an Audit Request -- 256 6. Disputes -- 256 7. Audits by Third-Party Trade Associations -- 257 G. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) (§ 3.B) -- 258 1. Overview -- 258 2. Limitation of Liability -- 259 3. The Law of Small Numbers -- 260 4. Negotiating SLAs -- 261 H. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery (§ 35) -- 261 1. Business Continuity -- 261 2. Disaster Recovery -- 262 I. Future Development (§ 16K) -- 263 J. Training and Documentation (§§ 11, 13.1) -- 264 1. Training (§ 11) -- 264 2. Documentation (§ 13.1) -- 264 K. Transition/Continuing Services (§ 42.2) -- 265 L. Benchmarking (§ 8.B) -- 265 M.Antitrust and Copyright Misuse Issues (§ 3.6) -- 267 1. Antitrust Issues -- 267 2. Copyright Misuse Issues -- 269 3. Digital Millennium Copyright Act—Computer Maintenance Competition Assurance Act -- 270 N. Export/Import Issues (§ 43) -- 271 1. General -- 271 2. Definitions -- 272 3. Export of Software and Technology -- 272 4. Cloud Computing -- 273 5. Deemed Exports -- 274 6. Contractual Considerations (§ 45) -- 274 7. Customs -- 275 O. Bonds, Parent Guarantees, and Letters of Credit (§§ 8.H, Exhibit 8H, 34) -- 275 1. Bonds (§ 34) -- ^ ^^ -- 275 2. Parent Guarantees (§ 8.H, Exhibit 8H, Signature Line) (Form O.1, Q.2.LL.39) -- 276 3. Letters of Credit (Form Q.2.LL.36) -- 276 P. Most Favored Customer (§ 8.A) -- 277 Q. Work for Competitors/Exclusivity (§ 9.12) -- 278 R. Good Faith Efforts, Best Efforts, and Commercially Reasonable Efforts -- 278 1. General -- 278 2. Good Faith -- 279 3. Best Efforts -- 280 4. Commercially Reasonable Efforts -- 281 S. Time Is of the Essence -- 281 T. Consent Will Not Be Unreasonably Withheld -- 282 U. Third-Party Access -- 283 Chapter 8: Types of Licenses -- 285 A. End User Licenses -- 285 1. Development Licenses -- 285 2. Beta Licenses -- 286 3. Demonstration Licenses -- 288 4. Evaluation/Pilot Licenses -- 290 5. Production Licenses -- 291 B. Specialized Licenses -- 291 1. Reseller Licenses -- 291 2. Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) Licenses -- 292 3. Value-Added Reseller (“VAR”) Licenses -- 292 4. Points to Consider with Reseller, Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”), and VAR Licenses -- 293 5. Sublicenses -- 298 6. Outsourcing Licenses -- 299 Chapter 9: Cloud Computing and Hosting -- 301 A. Cloud Computing -- 301 1. Overview of Cloud Computing -- 302 2. Escrows in the Cloud -- 321 3. Software as a Service -- 322 B. Hosting -- 333 1. An Overview of Hosting -- 333 2. Licensing Models -- 334 3. Dedicated versus Shared Hosting -- 335 4. The Benefits and Drawbacks of Hosting -- 336 5. Issues for Consideration in Hosting Agreements -- 336 6. Licensing and Contracting Concerns in a Hosted Environment -- 337 C Chapter 10: Free and Open Source Software -- 343 A. Overview -- 343 1. Open Source Commercial Models -- 344 2. Static versus Dynamic Linking -- B. Free Versus Open Source Software -- 345 C. Costs Associated with Using Open Source Software -- 346 D. Advantages and Risks of Using Open Source Software -- 347 1. Advantages -- 347 2. Risks -- 347 3. Legal Concerns -- 349 E. Open Source License Types -- 350 1. Permissive Licenses (“Nonviral Licenses”) -- 351 2. Nonpermissive Licenses (“Viral” Licenses) -- 351 F. Negotiating Licenses for Software That Incorporates Open Source Software -- 352 1. Incoming Licenses -- 353 2. Outgoing Licenses -- 354 G. Quantifying the Risk -- 355 1. Establishing an Open Source Review Board/Compliance Program for Software Development -- 355 2. Evaluating the Risks of Using Open Source Software -- 356 3. Open Source Software Audits -- 357 H. Legal Challenges -- 357 1. Contract-Based Claims -- 358 2. Copyright-Based Claims -- 358 I. Managing Open Source -- 359 J. Going Forward -- 360 Chapter 11: Shrink-wrap, Click-wrap and Browse-wrap Licenses -- 361 A. Shrink-wrap Licenses -- 361 B. Click-wrap Licenses -- 362 C. Browse-wrap Licenses -- 364 Chapter 12: Applicability of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and the Principles of Law of Software Contracts -- 365 A. Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code -- 365 B. The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) -- 367 1. History of Attempts to Apply UCC Article 2 to Software Licensing -- 367 2. Present Status of UCITA -- 368 3. Significant Provisions of UCITA (2002 Version) -- 368 4. Rejection of UCITA (Bomb Shelters) -- 375 C. Principles of the Law of Software Contracts -- 375 Chapter 13: Software Development Agreements -- 377 A. Waterfall Versus Agile Development Methodologies -- 377 1. Pricing -- 378 2. Development Risks -- 379 B. Ownership of Developed IP -- 380 1. Factors Influencing IP Ownership of Developed Software -- 380 2. Ownership Options -- 381 3. Alternative Ownership Options -- 382 C. Ownership of Tools -- 387 Chapter 14: Software Development Kit (SDK) Licenses and Application Program Interface (API) Licenses -- 389 A. Software Development Kit Licenses -- 389 B. Application Program Interface Licenses -- 389 C. Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc -- 390 Chapter 15: Maintenance and Support (Forms J.1, J.2, and J.3)/(§§ 11, 16K) -- 391 A. Nomenclature -- 391 1. Maintenance Versus Support -- 391 2. Upgrades, Releases, Updates, Enhancements, and Modifications.392 3. Numbering Protocol -- 392 B. Maintenance Versus New Versions -- 393 C. Maintenance (§ 16) -- 393 1. Licensor Obligations -- 394 2. Licensor Exclusions -- 396 3. Pricing and Payment (§ 8.4) -- 397 D. Independent Service Organizations (ISOs) (§ 3.6) -- 398 Chapter 16: Data Privacy and Security Issues Arising from Software Licensing -- 401 A. Data Privacy and Security -- 401 1. Evaluation of the Underlying Risks -- 402 2. Contractual Provisions Addressing Data Privacy and Security .406 3. Potential Damage Claims for Privacy and Security Breaches -- 410 4. Mitigating the Risk -- 411 5. Responding to a Data/Security Breach -- 414 6. Insurance -- 415 B. Compliance with Statutory Privacy Standards -- 416 Chapter 17: Confidentiality Provisions and Trade Secret Protection -- 417 A. Proprietary Information Clauses and Agreements (§ 12) -- 418 1. General -- 418 2. Principal Provisions of a Nondisclosure Agreement -- 421 3. Third-Party Access -- 433 4. Residuals -- 434 5. Employees -- 435 6. Overlapping Nondisclosure Agreements -- 436 7. Confidentiality and Data Security in the Cloud -- 437 B. Trade Secret Laws/Protections -- 447 1. General -- 447 2. Uniform Trade Secret Act -- 453 3. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) -- 455 4. Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition -- 456 5. Economic Espionage Act of 1996 -- 456 6. State Laws -- 457 7. The Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine -- 457 Chapter 18: Escrow Agreements -- 459 A. Release Events -- 459 1. In General -- 459 2. In the Event of Bankruptcy -- 461 B. Use of Third-Party Escrow Agents -- 462 1. In General -- 462 2. Verification of Escrowed Materials -- 463 3. Materials to Be Escrowed -- -- 464 4. Escrow Fees -- 465 C. Restrictions on Use of Escrowed Materials -- 466 D. Third-Party Software -- 466 E. Practical Nature of Software Escrow -- 467 Chapter 19: Representing the Global Entity -- 469 A. Access and the Scope of Use -- 470 B. Provision of Technical Data to Non-U.S. Citizens -- 471 C. Ownership of Developed Work -- 472 D. Taxes and Import/Export Duties -- 472 E. Governing Law and Venue Provisions -- 473 1. Governing Law -- 473 2. Venue -- 475 F. Applicability of Local Laws -- 475 1. Reverse Engineering in the European Union -- 475 2. European Union (EU) Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC -- 476 3. Canadian Legal Issues -- 476 4. Indian Legal Issues -- 477 G. UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods -- 480 H. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act -- 481 1. Anti-bribery Provisions -- 482 2. Books and Records Provisions -- 483 3. Applicability of FCPA -- 484 4. Risks under FCPA Anti-bribery Provisions -- 485 I. The USA Patriot Act (Public Law 107-56) -- 489 J. Availability of a Meaningful Remedy -- 491 Chapter 20: Bankruptcy Issues -- 493 A. The Treatment of Software Licenses in Bankruptcy -- 493 B. The Licensor’s Bankruptcy -- 495 1. Nonexecutory License -- 495 2. Executory License -- 495 3. Drafting Techniques -- 496 C. The Licensee’s Bankruptcy -- 499 1. Nonexecutory License -- 499 2. Executory License -- 500 Chapter 21: Employee Issues -- 505 A. Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights -- 505 1. Employer’s Ownership of Employee Inventions -- 505 2. Documenting the Employee’s Existing Intellectual Property -- 506 3. Executing a Proper Assignment -- 506 B. Protection of Employer and Client Confidential Information -- 507 C. Nonsolicitation of Employees by Former Employees (§§ 5.3.7, 9.14) -- 510 D. Non-solicitation of Employees of Licensor/Licensee -- 511 E. Noncompetition Agreements -- 512 F. Theft/Destruction of Employer Property—Computer Fraud and Abuse Act -- 514 1. Overview -- 514 2. The Meaning of “Loss” -- 514 3. “Unauthorized Access”: A Dichotomy of Opinion -- 515 4. Contractual Protections -- 517 5. Corporate Policies -- 518 6. Other Theories of Recovery -- 518 Chapter 22: When Problems Arise -- 521 A. Addressing Issues That May Arise -- 521 1. Be Proactive -- 522 2. Maintaining the Attorney-Client Privilege/Attorney Work Product Doctrine -- -- 522 3. Keep Lines of Communication Open -- 526 4. Document the Process -- 527 5. Quality Assurance Audits -- 528 6. Prepare for the Possibility of Litigation -- 528 B. Responding to an Audit -- 529 C. Potential Claims, Defenses, and Counterclaims -- 530 1. Customer Claims -- 530 2. Customer Actions -- ^ ^^ -- 533 3. Vendor Defenses -- 535 4. Vendor Claims/Counterclaims -- 538 5. Termination for Convenience (§ 4.1.A) -- 541 D. The Negotiation Process -- 542 1. Tolling Agreement -- 542 2. Settlement Negotiations -- 542 3. Renegotiating the Contract -- 544 E. If Litigation Arises -- 545 Chapter 23: Dispute Resolution (§§ 29, 30) -- 547 A. The Causes for Disputes -- 547 B. Internal Dispute Resolution (§ 29) -- 548 C. Mediation (§ 29) -- 548 D. Arbitration (§ 30) -- 549 1. General Benefits and Drawbacks -- 549 2. Legal Concerns -- 551 3. Practical Concerns -- 552 4. The Risks Associated with a Bifurcated Approach -- 554 5. International Arbitration -- 559 Chapter 24: Best Practices for Contract Drafting and Successful Implementation -- 563 A. Carefully Craft and Understand the Definitions -- 563 B. Create Uniform Terms, Conditions, and Processes -- 564 C. Use Plain Language/Choose Your Words Carefully -- 565 1. Choice of Words -- 565 2. Terminology Harmonization -- 567 3. Avoid Creating New Obligations -- 567 4. Headings and Formatting -- 568 D. Eliminate Ambiguity -- 568 E. Focus on Creating a Long-Term, Mutually Beneficial Agreement 571 F. Implement Peer Review -- 571 G. Use an Authority Matrix -- 572 H. Do Not Ignore the Exhibits and Schedules -- 573 I. Audit Compliance After Contract Execution -- 573 J. Avoid Scope Creep -- 574 K. Document the Process -- 575 L. Manage the Relationship/Contract -- 575 M. Create an Early Warning System -- 576 N. Address Issues Promptly -- 577 O. The Role of Delivery Assurance -- 578 Selected Model Forms Form B.1: Software License and Services Agreement (Annotated) -- 579 Form J.2: Software Maintenance and Services Agreement (Annotated) -- 743 Form H.1: Source Code Escrow Agreement (Annotated) -- 745 Form M.3: Bilateral Proprietary Information Agreement (Annotated) -- 765 Appendix 1: Technology Acronyms -- 773 Appendix 2: Glossary -- 779 Appendix 3: Recommended Resource Materials -- 789 Index of Cases -- 791 Index -- 813
Huomautus sisällöstä, tiivistelmä tms.
  • With intellectual property rights assuming greater importance in today's world and licensing issues and developments constantly evolving, this book is an essential resource for lawyers who need to understand software licensing. The sixth edition examines the fundamental issues that both licensors and licensees confront in the negotiation of a software license and, where appropriate, looks at relevant ancillary issues such as software development, cloud computing, professional services, and maintenance and support. It primarily focuses on non-mass market agreements, since most “retail” or mass market “off-the-shelf” software is governed by non-negotiable “shrink-wrap,” “browse-wrap,” and “click-wrap” licenses. Nonetheless, the principles of software licensing are the same for shrink-wrap, browse-wrap, click-wrap, and custom-developed software. Written in practical, easy-to-understand language, this book is cross-referenced to a model agreement. It is written from the perspective of both the licensor and the licensee and includes model forms with alternative clauses to fit many perspectives. New to this edition, an online website will accompany the book that includes customizable and easy-to-use forms and agreements. The sixth edition includes new chapters on: Types of Licenses (New Chapter), Software Development Agreements (New Chapter), Software Development Kits and Application Program Interfaces (New Chapter), 16 New Forms, Accompanying Online Website with Model Forms and Agreements.
Asiasana - Kontrolloimaton
ISBN
  • 978-1-63425-400-7
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*505  $aChapter 1: Introduction -- 1 Chapter 2: The Negotiation and Contracting Process -- 3 A. The Traditional Negotiation Process -- 3 B. The Competitive Negotiation Process -- 4 1. Overview -- 4 2. Requests for Information (“RFI”) -- 4 3. Requests for Proposal (“RFP”) -- 5 4. Procedures and Rules for a Competitive Negotiation -- 11 5. Documenting the Negotiations/Letters of Intent -- 12 6. Structuring the Transaction -- 15 7. Negotiating the Agreement -- 15 8. Inclusion of the RFI and RFP Response in the Final Agreement -- 18 9. Concerns for Lawyers -- 19 10. Metadata -- 20 C. Successful Procurement -- 21 1. Vendor Selection -- 21 2. The Negotiation Process - Strategies -- 21 3. Managing the Customer - Vendor Relationship -- 22 Chapter 3: Licensing Software -- 25 A. Overview -- 25 1. The Concept of Licensing -- 25 2. Intellectual Property Rights Applicable to Software -- 25 B. The First Sale Doctrine -- 35 1. In General -- 35 2. Applicability to Software -- 37 C. The Transfer of Intellectual Property Rights -- 38 Chapter 4: Terminology of a License Grant (§ 3.1) -- 41 A. Definition of the “Licensor,” “Licensee,” and “Affiliates” -- 41 1. “Licensor” -- 41 2. “Licensee” -- 42 3. “Affiliates” -- 44 4. Purchase of Licenses by Affiliates -- 45 B. Term of the License (§ 4.2) -- 46 1. Overview -- 46 2. The Failure to State a Term -- 46 3. Perpetual Licenses -- 47 4. Evergreen Term -- 48 5. Activation Keys/Codes -- 48 C. Use (§ 3.1) -- 48 1. General -- 48 2. Internal Use -- 50 3. Nonexclusive/Exclusive Use -- 51 4. Scope of Use -- 52 5. Creation of Derivative Works (§ 3.4) -- 54 6. Prohibition of Reverse Engineering -- 56 7. Reservations of Rights Clauses -- 60 D. Geographic Restrictions (§ 3.1) -- 60 E. Object Code Licenses and Source Code Licenses (§ 3.1) -- 61 F. Irrevocable/Non-terminable Licenses (§ 3.1) -- 62 G. Assignment/Novation (§ 3.1, § 22) -- 62 1. By Licensee -- 62 2. By Licensor -- 65 3. Novation -- 66 4. Transfer -- 66 Chapter 5: Ancillary Clauses -- 67 A. Representations, Warranties, Covenants, and Disclaimers (§ 16) .67 1. Representations and Warranties (§§ 16.1, 16A-AE, 16.2) -- 67 2. Covenants -- 88 3. Disclaimer of Representations and Warranties (§16.1.4) -- 88 4. Length of Warranty (§ 16.1) -- 91 B. General Indemnification (§ 15) -- 92 1. Overview -- 92 2. Relevant Language -- 92 3. Exclusions -- 97 4. Contributory vs. Comparative Negligence -- 98 5. Equitable and Implied Indemnification -- 99 6. Limits on Liability for Indemnification Obligations -- 99 7. Drafting Considerations -- 100 8. Indemnifying a Party for Its Own Negligence -- 102 C. Intellectual Property Indemnification (§ 14) -- 103 1. Overview -- 103 2. Implied Indemnification under UCC § 2-312 -- 104 3. Limits on Indemnification -- 105 4. Potential Concessions -- 106 5. Conditions to Indemnification -- 107 6. Mitigation by Licensor -- 107 7. Exclusions -- 109 8. Assumption of Defense -- 110 D. Acceptance and Acceptance Test Procedures (§§ 1.14, 7) -- 110 1. Software -- 110 2. Shrinkwrap Software -- 111 3. Professional Services (§ 16.C) -- 112 E. Term of the Agreement -- 112 1. Fixed Term -- 112 2. Evergreen Term -- 113 F. Breach and Cure (§ 5) -- 113 1. Breach -- 113 2. Cure -- 114 G. Expiration, Termination, and Cancellation -- 118 1. Expiration -- 118 2. Termination for Breach -- 118 3. Termination for Reasons Unrelated to Performance -- 120 4. Termination for Convenience (§ 4.1) -- 121 5. Force Majeure (§ 33) -- 124 6. Bankruptcy -- 125 7. Transition -- 125 H. Remedies (§§ 5.2, 5.3) -- 125 1. Remedies under the UCC 126 2. Licensee Remedies (§ 5.3) -- 127 3. Licensor Remedies (§ 5.2) -- 132 I. Limitation of Liability (§ 17) -- 135 1. Limiting Monetary Liability (§ 17.2) -- 136 2. Disclaimer of Consequential/Incidental/Punitive/ Special Damages (§ 17.1) -- 147 3. Deemed Direct Damages (§ 17.4, Form Q.2.DD.7 § 1.2.) -- 152 4. Reducing the Statute of Limitations (§ 17.1) -- 153 5. Exclusive Remedy -- 154 J. Price, Payment, and Revenue Recognition Issues (§ 8) -- 155 1. Pricing -- 155 2. Price Indexing (§ 8.4) -- 163 3. Payment -- 164 4. Revenue Recognition Issues -- 166 K. Taxes (§ 8.6) -- 168 L. Third-Party Software -- 170 M. Licensee Obligations -- 170 Chapter 6: Boilerplate -- 171 A. Recitals and Headings (§ 53) -- 171 1. Recitals -- 171 2. Headings (§ 53) -- 172 B. Definitions (§ 1 and Form Q.1) -- 173 C. Insurance (§ 38) -- 173 1. General Insurance -- 173 2. Intellectual Property Infringement Claims -- 177 3. Reviewing and Negotiating an Insurance Provision -- 178 D. Force Majeure (§ 33) -- 179 E. Public Disclosures and References (§§ 44, 50) -- 181 1. Public Disclosures (§ 44) -- 181 2. References (§ 50) -- 182 F. Waiver (§ 31) -- 182 G. Waiver of Right to Jury Trial (§ 32) -- 183 H. Governing Law and Venue (§ 28) -- 184 1. Governing Law -- 184 2. Venue -- 197 I. Compliance with Laws (§ 25) -- 198 1. Utilizing the Change Order Process -- 199 2. A Compromise -- 200 3. Contractual Language -- 201 4. Monitoring Changes in the Law -- 202 5. Ensuring Compliance -- 202 J. Notices (§ 52) -- 203 K. Third-Party Beneficiaries (§ 40) -- 204 L. Legal Fees (§ 49) -- 205 M. Survival (§ 18) -- 206 1. General -- 206 2. Lack of a Survival Clause -- 207 N. No Construction Against Drafter (§ 51) -- 208 O. Amendment of Agreement (§ 23) -- 209 1. Online Amendment -- 209 2. Limiting Risks -- 211 P. Service of Process -- 212 Q. Severability (§ 55) -- 212 R. Integration/Entire Agreement (§ 58) -- 213 1. General -- 213 2. Collateral Agreements -- 215 S. Seals (Penultimate Paragraph and Signature Line) -- 216 T. Signatures, Signature Lines, and Signature Pages -- 216 1. Electronic Signatures -- 217 2. Manual Signatures -- 217 U. Dating the Agreement -- 218 V. Incorporation of Corporate Policies -- 218 Chapter 7: Other Important Issues -- 221 A. The Work Made for Hire Doctrine and Moral Rights -- 221 1. Work Made for Hire Doctrine -- 221 2. Moral Rights -- 227 3. Patent Rights -- 229 B. Ownership of Custom-Developed Software (§§ 3.2, 3.5, 12.1)230 1. In General -- 230 2. Joint Ownership -- 232 3. Other Alternatives -- 234 C. Functional Specifications and Technical Specifications (§1.7)234 1. Functional Specifications -- 234 2. Technical Specifications -- 237 D. Statements of Work -- 237 E. Change Orders (§ 9.8) -- 239 1. Methodology of the Change Order Process -- 240 2. The Contents of a Change Order -- 241 3. The Failure to Agree -- 241 F. Audit/Quality Assurance (§§ 9.13, 16.Q; Form Q.2.E) -- 242 1. Establishing the Parameters of the Audit -- 243 2. Audit Software -- 245 3. Auditing the Licensor -- 246 4. Auditing the Licensee (§ 8.J) -- 253 5. Responding to an Audit Request -- 256 6. Disputes -- 256 7. Audits by Third-Party Trade Associations -- 257 G. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) (§ 3.B) -- 258 1. Overview -- 258 2. Limitation of Liability -- 259 3. The Law of Small Numbers -- 260 4. Negotiating SLAs -- 261 H. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery (§ 35) -- 261 1. Business Continuity -- 261 2. Disaster Recovery -- 262 I. Future Development (§ 16K) -- 263 J. Training and Documentation (§§ 11, 13.1) -- 264 1. Training (§ 11) -- 264 2. Documentation (§ 13.1) -- 264 K. Transition/Continuing Services (§ 42.2) -- 265 L. Benchmarking (§ 8.B) -- 265 M.Antitrust and Copyright Misuse Issues (§ 3.6) -- 267 1. Antitrust Issues -- 267 2. Copyright Misuse Issues -- 269 3. Digital Millennium Copyright Act—Computer Maintenance Competition Assurance Act -- 270 N. Export/Import Issues (§ 43) -- 271 1. General -- 271 2. Definitions -- 272 3. Export of Software and Technology -- 272 4. Cloud Computing -- 273 5. Deemed Exports -- 274 6. Contractual Considerations (§ 45) -- 274 7. Customs -- 275 O. Bonds, Parent Guarantees, and Letters of Credit (§§ 8.H, Exhibit 8H, 34) -- 275 1. Bonds (§ 34) --      -- 275 2. Parent Guarantees (§ 8.H, Exhibit 8H, Signature Line) (Form O.1, Q.2.LL.39) -- 276 3. Letters of Credit (Form Q.2.LL.36) -- 276 P. Most Favored Customer (§ 8.A) -- 277 Q. Work for Competitors/Exclusivity (§ 9.12) -- 278 R. Good Faith Efforts, Best Efforts, and Commercially Reasonable Efforts -- 278 1. General -- 278 2. Good Faith -- 279 3. Best Efforts -- 280 4. Commercially Reasonable Efforts -- 281 S. Time Is of the Essence -- 281 T. Consent Will Not Be Unreasonably Withheld -- 282 U. Third-Party Access -- 283 Chapter 8: Types of Licenses -- 285 A. End User Licenses -- 285 1. Development Licenses -- 285 2. Beta Licenses -- 286 3. Demonstration Licenses -- 288 4. Evaluation/Pilot Licenses -- 290 5. Production Licenses -- 291 B. Specialized Licenses -- 291 1. Reseller Licenses -- 291 2. Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) Licenses -- 292 3. Value-Added Reseller (“VAR”) Licenses -- 292 4. Points to Consider with Reseller, Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”), and VAR Licenses -- 293 5. Sublicenses -- 298 6. Outsourcing Licenses -- 299 Chapter 9: Cloud Computing and Hosting -- 301 A. Cloud Computing -- 301 1. Overview of Cloud Computing -- 302 2. Escrows in the Cloud -- 321 3. Software as a Service -- 322 B. Hosting -- 333 1. An Overview of Hosting -- 333 2. Licensing Models -- 334 3. Dedicated versus Shared Hosting -- 335 4. The Benefits and Drawbacks of Hosting -- 336 5. Issues for Consideration in Hosting Agreements -- 336 6. Licensing and Contracting Concerns in a Hosted Environment -- 337 C Chapter 10: Free and Open Source Software -- 343 A. Overview -- 343 1. Open Source Commercial Models -- 344 2. Static versus Dynamic Linking --  B. Free Versus Open Source Software -- 345 C. Costs Associated with Using Open Source Software -- 346 D. Advantages and Risks of Using Open Source Software -- 347 1. Advantages -- 347 2. Risks -- 347 3. Legal Concerns -- 349 E. Open Source License Types -- 350 1. Permissive Licenses (“Nonviral Licenses”) -- 351 2. Nonpermissive Licenses (“Viral” Licenses) -- 351 F. Negotiating Licenses for Software That Incorporates Open Source Software -- 352 1. Incoming Licenses -- 353 2. Outgoing Licenses -- 354 G. Quantifying the Risk -- 355 1. Establishing an Open Source Review Board/Compliance Program for Software Development -- 355 2. Evaluating the Risks of Using Open Source Software -- 356 3. Open Source Software Audits -- 357 H. Legal Challenges -- 357 1. Contract-Based Claims -- 358 2. Copyright-Based Claims -- 358 I. Managing Open Source -- 359 J. Going Forward -- 360 Chapter 11: Shrink-wrap, Click-wrap and Browse-wrap Licenses -- 361 A. Shrink-wrap Licenses -- 361 B. Click-wrap Licenses -- 362 C. Browse-wrap Licenses -- 364 Chapter 12: Applicability of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and the Principles of Law of Software Contracts -- 365 A. Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code -- 365 B. The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) -- 367 1. History of Attempts to Apply UCC Article 2 to Software Licensing -- 367 2. Present Status of UCITA -- 368 3. Significant Provisions of UCITA (2002 Version) -- 368 4. Rejection of UCITA (Bomb Shelters) -- 375 C. Principles of the Law of Software Contracts -- 375 Chapter 13: Software Development Agreements -- 377 A. Waterfall Versus Agile Development Methodologies -- 377 1. Pricing -- 378 2. Development Risks -- 379 B. Ownership of Developed IP -- 380 1. Factors Influencing IP Ownership of Developed Software -- 380 2. Ownership Options -- 381 3. Alternative Ownership Options -- 382 C. Ownership of Tools -- 387 Chapter 14: Software Development Kit (SDK) Licenses and Application Program Interface (API) Licenses -- 389 A. Software Development Kit Licenses -- 389 B. Application Program Interface Licenses -- 389 C. Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc -- 390 Chapter 15: Maintenance and Support (Forms J.1, J.2, and J.3)/(§§ 11, 16K) -- 391 A. Nomenclature -- 391 1. Maintenance Versus Support -- 391 2. Upgrades, Releases, Updates, Enhancements, and Modifications.392 3. Numbering Protocol -- 392 B. Maintenance Versus New Versions -- 393 C. Maintenance (§ 16) -- 393 1. Licensor Obligations -- 394 2. Licensor Exclusions -- 396 3. Pricing and Payment (§ 8.4) -- 397 D. Independent Service Organizations (ISOs) (§ 3.6) -- 398 Chapter 16: Data Privacy and Security Issues Arising from Software Licensing -- 401 A. Data Privacy and Security -- 401 1. Evaluation of the Underlying Risks -- 402 2. Contractual Provisions Addressing Data Privacy and Security .406 3. Potential Damage Claims for Privacy and Security Breaches -- 410 4. Mitigating the Risk -- 411 5. Responding to a Data/Security Breach -- 414 6. Insurance -- 415 B. Compliance with Statutory Privacy Standards -- 416 Chapter 17: Confidentiality Provisions and Trade Secret Protection -- 417 A. Proprietary Information Clauses and Agreements (§ 12) -- 418 1. General -- 418 2. Principal Provisions of a Nondisclosure Agreement -- 421 3. Third-Party Access -- 433 4. Residuals -- 434 5. Employees -- 435 6. Overlapping Nondisclosure Agreements -- 436 7. Confidentiality and Data Security in the Cloud -- 437 B. Trade Secret Laws/Protections -- 447 1. General -- 447 2. Uniform Trade Secret Act -- 453 3. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) -- 455 4. Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition -- 456 5. Economic Espionage Act of 1996 -- 456 6. State Laws -- 457 7. The Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine -- 457 Chapter 18: Escrow Agreements -- 459 A. Release Events -- 459 1. In General -- 459 2. In the Event of Bankruptcy -- 461 B. Use of Third-Party Escrow Agents -- 462 1. In General -- 462 2. Verification of Escrowed Materials -- 463 3. Materials to Be Escrowed -- --  464 4. Escrow Fees -- 465 C. Restrictions on Use of Escrowed Materials -- 466 D. Third-Party Software -- 466 E. Practical Nature of Software Escrow -- 467 Chapter 19: Representing the Global Entity -- 469 A. Access and the Scope of Use -- 470 B. Provision of Technical Data to Non-U.S. Citizens -- 471 C. Ownership of Developed Work -- 472 D. Taxes and Import/Export Duties -- 472 E. Governing Law and Venue Provisions -- 473 1. Governing Law -- 473 2. Venue -- 475 F. Applicability of Local Laws -- 475 1. Reverse Engineering in the European Union -- 475 2. European Union (EU) Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC -- 476 3. Canadian Legal Issues -- 476 4. Indian Legal Issues -- 477 G. UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods -- 480 H. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act -- 481 1. Anti-bribery Provisions -- 482 2. Books and Records Provisions -- 483 3. Applicability of FCPA -- 484 4. Risks under FCPA Anti-bribery Provisions -- 485 I. The USA Patriot Act (Public Law 107-56) -- 489 J. Availability of a Meaningful Remedy -- 491 Chapter 20: Bankruptcy Issues -- 493 A. The Treatment of Software Licenses in Bankruptcy -- 493 B. The Licensor’s Bankruptcy -- 495 1. Nonexecutory License -- 495 2. Executory License -- 495 3. Drafting Techniques -- 496 C. The Licensee’s Bankruptcy -- 499 1. Nonexecutory License -- 499 2. Executory License -- 500 Chapter 21: Employee Issues -- 505 A. Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights -- 505 1. Employer’s Ownership of Employee Inventions -- 505 2. Documenting the Employee’s Existing Intellectual Property -- 506 3. Executing a Proper Assignment -- 506 B. Protection of Employer and Client Confidential Information -- 507 C. Nonsolicitation of Employees by Former Employees (§§ 5.3.7, 9.14) -- 510 D. Non-solicitation of Employees of Licensor/Licensee -- 511 E. Noncompetition Agreements -- 512 F. Theft/Destruction of Employer Property—Computer Fraud and Abuse Act -- 514 1. Overview -- 514 2. The Meaning of “Loss” -- 514 3. “Unauthorized Access”: A Dichotomy of Opinion -- 515 4. Contractual Protections -- 517 5. Corporate Policies -- 518 6. Other Theories of Recovery -- 518 Chapter 22: When Problems Arise -- 521 A. Addressing Issues That May Arise -- 521 1. Be Proactive -- 522 2. Maintaining the Attorney-Client Privilege/Attorney Work Product Doctrine -- --  522 3. Keep Lines of Communication Open -- 526 4. Document the Process -- 527 5. Quality Assurance Audits -- 528 6. Prepare for the Possibility of Litigation -- 528 B. Responding to an Audit -- 529 C. Potential Claims, Defenses, and Counterclaims -- 530 1. Customer Claims -- 530 2. Customer Actions --      -- 533 3. Vendor Defenses -- 535 4. Vendor Claims/Counterclaims -- 538 5. Termination for Convenience (§ 4.1.A) -- 541 D. The Negotiation Process -- 542 1. Tolling Agreement -- 542 2. Settlement Negotiations -- 542 3. Renegotiating the Contract -- 544 E. If Litigation Arises -- 545 Chapter 23: Dispute Resolution (§§ 29, 30) -- 547 A. The Causes for Disputes -- 547 B. Internal Dispute Resolution (§ 29) -- 548 C. Mediation (§ 29) -- 548 D. Arbitration (§ 30) -- 549 1. General Benefits and Drawbacks -- 549 2. Legal Concerns -- 551 3. Practical Concerns -- 552 4. The Risks Associated with a Bifurcated Approach -- 554 5. International Arbitration -- 559 Chapter 24: Best Practices for Contract Drafting and Successful Implementation -- 563 A. Carefully Craft and Understand the Definitions -- 563 B. Create Uniform Terms, Conditions, and Processes -- 564 C. Use Plain Language/Choose Your Words Carefully -- 565 1. Choice of Words -- 565 2. Terminology Harmonization -- 567 3. Avoid Creating New Obligations -- 567 4. Headings and Formatting -- 568 D. Eliminate Ambiguity -- 568 E. Focus on Creating a Long-Term, Mutually Beneficial Agreement 571 F. Implement Peer Review -- 571 G. Use an Authority Matrix -- 572 H. Do Not Ignore the Exhibits and Schedules -- 573 I. Audit Compliance After Contract Execution -- 573 J. Avoid Scope Creep -- 574 K. Document the Process -- 575 L. Manage the Relationship/Contract -- 575 M. Create an Early Warning System -- 576 N. Address Issues Promptly -- 577 O. The Role of Delivery Assurance -- 578 Selected Model Forms Form B.1: Software License and Services Agreement (Annotated) -- 579 Form J.2: Software Maintenance and Services Agreement (Annotated) -- 743 Form H.1: Source Code Escrow Agreement (Annotated) -- 745 Form M.3: Bilateral Proprietary Information Agreement (Annotated) -- 765 Appendix 1: Technology Acronyms -- 773 Appendix 2: Glossary -- 779 Appendix 3: Recommended Resource Materials -- 789 Index of Cases -- 791 Index -- 813
*520  $aWith intellectual property rights assuming greater importance in today's world and licensing issues and developments constantly evolving, this book is an essential resource for lawyers who need to understand software licensing. The sixth edition examines the fundamental issues that both licensors and licensees confront in the negotiation of a software license and, where appropriate, looks at relevant ancillary issues such as software development, cloud computing, professional services, and maintenance and support. It primarily focuses on non-mass market agreements, since most “retail” or mass market “off-the-shelf” software is governed by non-negotiable “shrink-wrap,” “browse-wrap,” and “click-wrap” licenses. Nonetheless, the principles of software licensing are the same for shrink-wrap, browse-wrap, click-wrap, and custom-developed software. Written in practical, easy-to-understand language, this book is cross-referenced to a model agreement. It is written from the perspective of both the licensor and the licensee and includes model forms with alternative clauses to fit many perspectives. New to this edition, an online website will accompany the book that includes customizable and easy-to-use forms and agreements. The sixth edition includes new chapters on: Types of Licenses (New Chapter), Software Development Agreements (New Chapter), Software Development Kits and Application Program Interfaces (New Chapter), 16 New Forms, Accompanying Online Website with Model Forms and Agreements.
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With intellectual property rights assuming greater importance in today's world and licensing issues and developments constantly evolving, this book is an essential resource for lawyers who need to understand software licensing. The sixth edition examines the fundamental issues that both licensors and licensees confront in the negotiation of a software license and, where appropriate, looks at relevant ancillary issues such as software development, cloud computing, professional services, and maintenance and support. It primarily focuses on non-mass market agreements, since most retail" or mass market off-the-shelf" software is governed by non-negotiable shrink-wrap," browse-wrap," and click-wrap" licenses. Nonetheless, the principles of software licensing are the same for shrink-wrap, browse-wrap, click-wrap, and custom-developed software. Written in practical, easy-to-understand language, this book is cross-referenced to a model agreement. It is written from the perspective of both the licensor and the licensee and includes model forms with alternative clauses to fit many perspectives. New to this edition, an online website will accompany the book that includes customizable and easy-to-use forms and agreements. The sixth edition includes new chapters on: * Types of Licenses (New Chapter)* Software Development Agreements (New Chapter)* Software Development Kits and Application Program Interfaces (New Chapter)*16 New Forms* Accompanying Online Website with Model Forms and Agreements

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