Tekijänoikeuden erikoiskirjasto

*00011501nam a22007934a 4500
*00112946
*00520201106111839.0
*008181108|2018\\\\xxk||||e|||||\||||0|eng||
*020  $a978-1-78068-674-5
*035  $a25686
*035  $a(PLib-conv)0000025686
*0410 $aeng
*084  $a33.34$2ykl
*1001 $aTryggvadóttir, Ran.
*24510$aEuropean Libraries and the Internet :$bCopyright and Extended Collective Licences /$cRán Tryggvadóttir.
*260  $aCambridge, Antwerp, Porland :$bIntersentia Ltd,$c2018.
*300  $a448 s.
*4901 $aKU Leuven Centre for IT & IP Law Series ;$v2
*505  $aTABLE OF CONTENT   1. Introduction  1.1. Digital libraries and copyright  1.2. Digital libraries and Extended collective licences    PART I: EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS AND EXCEPTIONS RELEVANT FOR THE CROSS-BORDER ONLINE USE OF LIBRARIES    2. Definitions and developments  2.1. Libraries  2.2. Copyright  2.2.1. Copyright and libraries  2.2.2. Mass digitisation  2.3. The Google Book Search Project 2.3.1. The proposed Settlement Agreements  2.3.2. Litigations in the USA  2.3.3. Evaluation  2.4. European developments with regard to digital libraries  2.4.1. The Digital Library Initiative  2.4.2. Current reform efforts  2.5. Conclusion   3. Exclusive rights in online use  3.1. Reproduction rights in online use  3.1.1. Definition and development  3.1.2. Limitations to the reproduction right in online use  3.1.3. Digital reproduction and libraries  3.2. The right of communication to the public and the making available right  3.2.1. Communication to the public in the EU  3.2.2. The act of communication  3.2.2.1. Communication versus transmission  3.2.2.2. The end-point of communication  3.2.3. The public  3.2.4. Hyperlinking and communication to the public  3.2.4.1. New public  3.2.4.1.1. Specific technical means  3.2.4.1.2. Restricted access  3.2.4.1.3. Unauthorised content  3.3. Conclusion    4. Exceptions and limitations for cross-border online use of in-copyright works by libraries  4.1. General  4.1.1. Terminology and definitions  4.1.2. Common law and civil law approaches  4.1.3. The three-step test  4.1.3.1. Interpretation  4.1.3.1.1. The first step  4.1.3.1.2. The second step  4.1.3.1.3. The third step  4.1.3.2. Evaluation  4.1.4. International developments regarding exceptions and limitations for libraries  4.1.4.1. IFLA Treaty Proposal  4.1.4.2. Draft WIPO Treaty on Exceptions and Limitations  4.2. European developments  4.2.1. The InfoSoc Directive and exceptions and limitations  4.2.1.1. CJEU decisions  4.2.1.2. The three-step test  4.2.2. The InfoSoc Directive and libraries  4.2.2.1. The reproduction exception for libraries  4.2.2.2. The exception for making available by dedicated terminals  4.2.3. The Orphan Works Directive and libraries  4.2.3.1. Background  4.2.3.2. Beneficiary institutions  4.2.3.3. Orphan works: scope and definition  4.2.3.4. Diligent search and orphan work status  4.2.3.5. Cross-border applicability  4.2.3.6. The end of orphan work status 4.2.3.7. Permitted uses  4.2.3.8. Implementation  4.2.4. Evaluation of current EU exceptions for digital libraries  4.2.4.1. The InfoSoc Directive  4.2.4.1.1. The narrow scope  4.2.4.1.1.1. Art. 5(2)(c)  4.2.4.1.1.2. Art. 5(3)(n)  4.2.4.1.2. Lack of harmonisation  4.2.4.1.3. Exceptions and contracts  4.2.4.2. The Orphan Works Directive  4.3. Conclusions   PART II: COLLECTIVE LICENCES WITH LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT FOR CROSS-BORDER ONLINE USE BY LIBRARIES   5. The Nordic system of extended collective licences  5.1. Introduction  5.1.1. Collective licensing  5.1.2. General development of the Nordic system  5.2. Representative CMOs and dispute settlement  5.2.1. Representative organisations  5.2.1.1. Substantial number of authors  5.2.1.2. More than one CMO in a given field  5.2.1.3. Governmental authorisation  5.2.2. Dispute settlement  5.2.3. Evaluation  5.3. The extension effect of ECLs: field and scope of application  5.3.1. Specific ECL provisions for libraries  5.3.1.1. Denmark  5.3.1.2. Finland  5.3.1.3. Iceland  5.3.1.4. Norway  5.3.1.5. Sweden  5.3.2. General ECL provision  5.3.2.1. Denmark  5.3.2.2. Iceland  5.3.2.3. Norway  5.3.2.4. Sweden  5.3.3. Evaluation  5.4. Measures to secure the rights of non-represented rightholders  5.4.1. Categories of non-represented rightholders  5.4.2. Individual remuneration  5.4.3. The opt-out  5.4.3.1. Entitlement and process  5.4.3.2. The effect of opt-out  5.4.3.3. Opt-out and moral right  5.4.4. Transparency  5.4.5. Evaluation  5.5. Conclusion   6. The compatibility of the ECL system with international norms and EU legislation  6.1. The legal status of ECLs in the international context  6.1.1. The approach of the Nordic authorities  6.1.2. Discussion  6.2. The compatibility of the Nordic ECLs with international norms  6.2.1. The national treatment principle  6.2.2. Formalities  6.2.3. ECLs and the three-step test  6.2.3.1. The first step  6.2.3.2. The second step  6.2.3.3. The third step  6.2.3.4. Evaluation  6.3. ECLs and EU legislation  6.3.1. The InfoSoc Directive and the Satellite and Cable Directive  6.3.2. The Orphan Works Directive  6.3.3. The CMO Directive  6.3.4. CMOs and the Services Directive  6.3.5. ECLs and the EU’s principle of non-discrimination  6.3.6. ECLs and the principle of proportionality  6.3.7. Evaluation  6.4. Conclusion   7. Collective licences with legislative support outside the Nordic countries for making the cultural heritage available 7.1. The MoU on out-of-commerce works  7.2. France  7.2.1. The legislation  7.2.2. Court cases  7.2.3. The aftermath  7.3. United Kingdom  7.3.1. Relevant licensing body  7.3.2. Prior collective licensing  7.3.3. Representativeness  7.3.4. Code of practice  7.3.5. Opt-out arrangements  7.3.6. Transparency and distribution of licence fees  7.3.7. Informed consent  7.3.8. Authorisation period and reviews  7.3.9. Evaluation  7.4. Germany  7.5. Other initiatives  7.5.1. Europe  7.5.2. Outside of Europe  7.6. Conclusion   PART III: TERRITORIALITY OF COPYRIGHT AND CROSS-BORDER ONLINE USE BY LIBRARIES: IN SEARCH OF A SOLUTION   8. Territoriality of copyright and cross-border online use  8.1. Territoriality and international treaties  8.2. Territoriality and online use  8.2.1. Private international law  8.2.2. Approaches to localising acts in online use  8.2.2.1. The country of reception  8.2.2.2. The targeting approach  8.2.2.3. Country of origin  8.2.3. Evaluation with regard to ECLs for libraries  8.3. Territoriality and the EU  8.3.1. Territoriality of copyright and the CJEU  8.3.2. Territoriality and the EU copyright legislation  8.3.2.1. The Satellite and Cable Directive  8.3.2.2. The codified exhaustion rule  8.3.2.3. The CMO Directive and multi-territorial licences of rights in musical works for online use  8.3.3. Recent developments  8.4. Private international law and EU copyright  8.4.1. Jurisdiction  8.4.2. Applicable laws  8.4.2.1. Contractual obligations  8.4.2.2. Non-contractual obligations  8.5. Conclusion   9. Options for legislative solutions for enabling cross-border online use of works in European libraries  9.1. ECLs and cross-border online use  9.1.1. The situation in the Nordic countries  9.1.2. Evaluation 9.2. Legal presumption  9.3. Mandatory collective management  9.4. The multi-territorial licences for online music under the CMO Directive  9.5. Exceptions and limitations  9.6. Single European Copyright  9.7. Conclusion   10.  ECLs for online cross-border use by libraries and the international legal framework  10.1. Requirements of the CMO  10.1.1. Representativeness  10.1.2. Mandates  10.1.3. Good governance and governmental authorisation  10.1.4. Transparency  10.1.5. Evaluation  10.2. Field and scope of use  10.2.1. National works  10.2.2. Published versus unpublished works  10.2.3. Age of works  10.2.4. The exclusive rights  10.2.5. Commercial versus non-commercial use  10.2.6. Evaluation  10.3. Safeguard measures  10.3.1. Equal treatment  10.3.2. Remuneration  10.3.2.1. The amount  10.3.2.2. Individual remuneration  10.3.3. Opt-out  10.3.4. Transparency  10.3.5. Evaluation  10.4. Conclusion   11. ECLs for online cross-border use by libraries and the EU’s legal framework  11.1. The EU’s objectives with regard to copyright  11.1.1. Legal certainty  11.1.2. High level of protection, including appropriate reward to rightholders  11.1.3. Balance between rightholders and users  11.1.4. Evaluation  11.2. The Soulier case  11.2.1. Arrangements for management of rights and the consent of rightholders  11.2.2. The French legislation and proportionality  11.2.3. Evaluation  11.3. The DSM proposal for the use of out-of-commerce works by cultural heritage institutions  11.3.1. The proposed solution  11.3.1.1. Beneficiaries  11.3.1.2. Works  11.3.1.3. Uses  11.3.1.4. Cross-border effect  11.3.2. The conditions for the extension effect  11.3.2.1. A representative CMO  11.3.2.2. Equal treatment  11.3.2.3. Opt-out  11.3.2.4. Transparency  11.3.2.5. Stakeholders dialogue  11.3.2.6. Evaluation  11.4. Competence of the EU to take action  11.4.1. Provisions on competence  11.4.2. The objectives of the EU Treaties  11.4.3. The principles of subsidiarity and proportionality  11.4.3.1. Subsidiarity  11.4.3.2. Proportionality  11.4.4. Relevant integration clauses  11.4.5. Choice of instrument  11.4.6. Choice of approach  11.4.7. Evaluation  11.5. Conclusion   12. Conclusion
*520  $aEuropean Libraries and the Internet: Copyright and Extended Collective Licences examines libraries’ online use of in-copyright works from their collections and how such use is affected by copyright. In particular, the book examines whether the system of extended collective licences could facilitate online access without territorial limitations to in-copyright works in libraries, within Europe or more specifically within the European Economic Area. Based on PHD thesis.
*653  $aCROSS-BORDER
*653  $aEUROOPPA
*653  $aKIRJASTOALA
*653  $aKIRJASTOT
*653  $aKIRJASTOLAITOS
*653  $aKIRJASTOTOIMI
*653  $aINTERNET
*653  $aTEKIJÄNOIKEUS
*653  $aECL
*653  $aDIGITAALISET KIRJASTOT
*653  $aDIGITAALISET TALLENTEET
*653  $aDIGITALISOITUMINEN
*653  $aLISENSSIT
*653  $aDIGITALISOINTI
*653  $aVERKKOPALVELUT
*653  $aVERKKOAINEISTOT
*653  $aUUDELLEENTUOTANTO
*653  $aRAJOITUKSET
*653  $aSAATAVUUS
*653  $aYLEISÖLLE VÄLITTÄMINEN
*653  $aKOLMIVAIHETESTI
*653  $aIFLA
*653  $aWIPO
*653  $aORPOTEOKSET
*653  $aDIREKTIIVIT
*653  $aPOHJOISMAAT
*653  $aTANSKA
*653  $aSUOMI
*653  $aISLANTI
*653  $aNORJA
*653  $aRUOTSI
*653  $aOIKEUKSIEN HALLINNOINTI
*653  $aOIKEUDENHALTIJAT
*653  $aKORVAUKSET
*653  $aEU
*653  $aEU-DIREKTIIVIT
*653  $aEU-OIKEUS
*653  $aEUROOPAN UNIONI
*653  $aKULTTUURIPERINTÖ
*653  $aSAAVUTETTAVUUS
*653  $aISO-BRITANNIA
*653  $aSAKSA
*653  $aALKUPERÄMAA
*653  $aYHTEISHALLINNOINTI
*8102 $aKU Leuven Centre for IT & IP Law Series ;$v2
*852  $i9723482
*852  $i9723483$h33.34 TRY
*979  $a0000025686
*999  $aMikroMarc$b[Book]$x0
^

Few would dispute the importance of preserving and providing access to cultural heritage and the key role of libraries in this endeavour. In an increasingly digital world, initiatives such as Google's Book Search Project have digitised broad swathes of the world's literary heritage and have enabled search engines to take on functions once exclusive to libraries.Before the advent of digital technology, libraries acquired copyrighted works in tangible hard copies. Those copies were then preserved in their original form and access was granted either on the premises or through lending schemes. Today, libraries often handle works that are born digital and, in many cases, have never existed in tangible form. In addition, there is a demand to digitize analogue works, inter alia to make them available on-line. These developments and the high volume of in-copyright works in library collections create tensions with copyright law and constitute a major challenge for libraries and other cultural heritage institutions wishing to operate in the digital world. The problem is compounded by the territorial nature of copyright, which generally means that the exercise of the exclusive rights afforded by copyright in one country is geographically restricted to that country, unless the rights are specifically recognised in another country. For digital libraries who want to put in-copyright works online, the principle of territoriality usually requires them to obtain licences from rightholders for each country where a work is to be made available online. This is a major obstacle in making Europes cultural heritage easily accessible in the digital world.The implications of these developments for libraries are stark; if libraries are to prevent themselves from becoming obsolete, they must provide the same services in the digital environment as they currently do in the analogue world, whilst ensuring they operate within the legal framework.European Libraries and the Internet: Copyright and Extended Collective Licences examines libraries' online use of in-copyright works from their collections and how such use is affected by copyright. In particular, the book examines whether the system of extended collective licences could facilitate online access without territorial limitations to in-copyright works in libraries, within Europe or more specifically within the European Economic Area (EEA). The book explores options for a legal framework, in particular the system of extended collective licences, which allow libraries to operate in the digital world while maintaining the necessary balance of rights and obligations between rightholders and users.